Louis Cook: A “Colonel” of Truth?
by Darren Bonaparte
(Originally published in The People's Voice, September 23, 2005)
Last week
we explored the biography of Colonel Louis Cook that was written by
Eleazer Williams. This week we continue with William’s account:
…He
watched with intense interest at the movements of the American Colonies
[ ]the expected rupture between England & her American subjects.
Once or twice he took a journey to Albany for information. The Late
Gen. Schuyler & John Bleccker, he would confer and from whom he
derived all the information he desired. Many of the cahnowaga chiefs,
on his return became friendly to the American cause from the
information they [received] from him. [The] above mentioned gentlemen
were known to them & highly respected.
The long
expected hostilities between Great Britain and her colonies, finally
reached Lewis, with which he seemed to be roused from his lethargy, and
his martial spirit was once more on the wing. He was sure that the
Americans would suceed, --He knew they were brave people, (by
experience) he had met them in a battlefield, when they fought with
unequal numbers, like tigars. He was sure, they would swept the English
every where and show them what is to be a soldier. "They will fight,"
said he, "for their liberties, their country, their wives &
children and for their church." "The King of England" said he, "would
make slaves of them, and their country as a nursery to keep up the
strength of his army & navy and as a treasury to enrich his
Kingdom." To these, they will never submit—their cause is a good cause,
and they will be victorious."
After the
skirmish at Lexington and the battle of bunker hill, and General
Washington had assumed the command of the American army at Cambridge,
several of the Cahnowaga chiefs would visit the American General &
his camp and this visit Gen. Washington mentioned it in one of his
letters to Congress…
George Washington’s writings seem to confirm
William’s statement. He describes the encounter with an
unidentified “Caughnawaga chief” in a letter dated August 4, 1775:
On
the first instant, a chief of the Caughnawaga tribe, who lives about
six miles from Montreal, came in here, accompanied by a Colonel
Bayley, of Coos. His accounts of the temper and disposition
of the Indians are very favorable. He says, they have been
strongly solicited, by Governor Carlton, to engage against us, but his
nation is totally averse: that threats as well as entreaties have been
used, without effect; that the Canadians are well disposed to the
English colonies, and if any expedition is meditated against Canada,
the Indians in that quarter will give all their assistance. I
have endeavored to cherish that favorable disposition, and have
recommended him to cultivate them in return. What I have
said, I have enforced with a present, which I understood would be
agreeable to him; and he is represented as being a man of weight and
consequence in his own tribe. I flatter myself, his visit will
have a good effect. His account of General Carlton's force
and situation of St. Johns, correspond with what we have had from that
quarter.
In later years, Louis was fond of displaying a
silver pipe with the initials GW etched into it, which may have been
the gift given to him by the general at this meeting. The
following day he was interviewed by a committee of the Massachusetts
House of Representatives on the disposition of the northern Indians.
Contrary to the report given by Louis, the British
had indeed gained inroads among the Seven Nations and the Iroquois
Confederacy, thanks to their Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Guy
Johnson, and Daniel Claus. They had managed to gather over 1,600
Indians to a council at Lachine and Montreal in July and some of these
were chomping at the bit to engage the Americans. While it is
possible that Louis had left Kahnawake before this took place and
wasn’t aware of it, it is also possible that he was engaged in an act
of deliberate deception. As later passages of this work will
show, Louis was perfectly willing to lie to achieve his objectives,
whatever they were.
General Washington was visited by Louis Cook again,
as he noted in January, 1776:
On
Sunday evening, thirteen of the Caughnawaga Indians arrived here on a
visit. I shall take care that they be so entertained during their
stay, that they may return impressed with sentiments of friendship for
us, and also of our great strength. One of them is Colonel Louis,
who honored me with a visit once before.
In this letter, Washington confirms that the
“Caughnawaga chief” who visited him before was indeed Louis Cook.
Although the majority of the Kahnawake Mohawks had already decided on a
course of neutrality, Louis suggested to Washington that this might
change if he was given a commission in the American Army.
Washington seemed hesitant to grant that request, as he stated in a
letter to Philip Schuyler on January 27, 1776:
I
am a little embarrassed to know in what manner to conduct myself with
respect to the Caughnawaga Indians now here. They have,
notwithstanding the treaty of neutrality which I find they entered into
with you the other day, agreeably to what appears to be the sense of
congress, signified to me a desire of taking up arms in behalf of the
united colonies. The chief of them who, I understand, is now the
first man of the nation, intends, as it is intimated, to apply to me
for a commission, with the assurance of raising four or five hundred
men, when he returns.
My
embarrassment does not proceed so much from the impropriety of
encouraging these people to depart from their neutrality, or rather
accepting their own voluntary offer, as from the expense which probably
may follow.
I am
sensible that if they do not desire to be idle, they will be for or
against us. I am sensible also, that no artifices will be left
unessayed to engage them against us. Their proffered services,
therefore, ought not to be rejected; but how far, with the little
knowledge I have of their real intentions, and your want of their aid,
I ought to go, is the question that puzzles me. I will endeavor,
however, to please them, by yielding, in appearance, to their demands;
reserving, at the same time, the power to you to regulate the number
and movements, of which you shall be more fully informed, when any
thing is fixed.
The general was hesitant about employing Louis and
his party, partly because of the expense involved, and partly because
he didn’t trust them. He did realize, however, that other Indians
might be convinced to join the American cause if they accepted the
offer of Louis and his men.
At that point Louis and his comrades split up, one
group going back to Kahnawake to promote the rebel cause, the other
accompanying Louis to Albany and later to Oneida where they enlisted
another group of warriors to fight for the Americans. In order to
win over the Oneidas, Cook greatly exaggerated the support the colonies
had among the Seven Nations of Canada. This we find in a letter
from Daniel Claus to General Frederick Haldimand dated November 19,
1778:
...the
rebel Caghnawgey & St. Regis Indians that left their Villages this
Summer, have taken Refuge among the rebel Oneidas, and are influencing
them & the 6 Nations with a parcel of Falsehoods from this Country:
vizt. that all the Canadians and Indians were in the Rebels Interest on
Accot. of their Alliance with the French, that the River St. Lawrence
was blocked up by a french fleet and that Canada must fall this Winter
or next Summer. They at the same time encourage the rebel Oneidas
not to be uneasy or alarmed at the prest. success & threats of the
6 Natns. in case they did not quit the rebel Interest, that all 7
Nations in Canada would support & stand up for them, should the 6
Natns. attempt anything agst. them. It happened luckily that on
Onondaga Chief from St. Regis on his Return from the Susquehanna was at
Onondago when the above News was brought there by an Oneida Friend
Indian, which the St. Regis Indn. afterwards contradicted in every
particular telling them he had later Accots. from Canada, and there
were Descendants of the New Englanders among the 7 Natns. in the rebels
Interest, the rest were all for the King, and that there were a great
many Ships arrived & daily arriving at Quebec with english
Merchandize which could not be if the Navigation was stopd. &c.
Even though Louis had been contradicted about the
Seven Nations, Oneida warriors fought for the Americans anyway.
Louis was eventually given a commission as a lieutenant-colonel, which
made him eligible for a land bounty payment after the war. It is
interesting to note that he was known as Colonel Louis before he
received his commission, as evidenced by Washington’s 1776 letter
mentioned above. How he got this moniker is just one of the
mysteries that surround this enigmatic man.
Sources: A History of St. Lawrence and Franklin Counties by
Franklin B. Hough; The Papers of Franklin B. Hough, New York State
Archives; and Indian Affairs Papers: American Revolution by Maryly B.
Penrose.
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